Aim: We show that when a single elementary charge passes through a metal, local polarization and magnetization occur in its volume along its entire trajectory.

Methodology. The research method is based on solving the equations of motion for a charged particle.

Results. It is proved that when a fast-flying charged particle passes through a metal, short-lived spin waves (magnons) and polarization waves appear in it, which disappear after the “transit” time τ = L/v , where L is the thickness of the metal and the v is the electron velocity.

Research implications. A physical justification and an analytical description of the motion of a fast-flying charged particle through a metal are proposed. The phenomenon of polarization and possible existence of short-lived spin waves are predicted.

Aim. The purpose is to find the generatrix of a body of revolution of a minimum drag moving at high speed in a “sparse” Newton's medium, or in a highly rarefied gas.

Methodology. The variational statement is investigated and Newton's aerodynamic problem is solved to find the generatrix of the body of revolution of a minimum drag moving in a “sparse” medium. Newton's law of resistance is derived, the formula for the resistance of a body is posed, and the corresponding variational problem is solved. A similar problem is posed for a body moving at high speed in a highly rarefied gas.

Results. Generators are obtained for an axisymmetric body of minimum resistance moving in an inviscid gas (Newton's model) or in a highly rarefied gas (free molecular model).

Research implications. The results obtained in this work are of great importance for the development of spacecrafts.

Aim. We implement a stochastic representation of the wave function for a pair of entangled solitons in a liquid crystal. The applicability of a special soliton representation of quantum mechanics for modeling real entangled systems is demonstrated.

Methodology. The main method used in the study is mathematical modeling. As part of the calculation of stochastics by the method of abstraction and concretization, a detailed mathematical apparatus is presented, adapted to the real physical case. The behavior of the material is qualitatively analyzed for the case of propagation of soliton pulses through a dielectric medium.

Results. The main advantage of the stochastic theory for a system of entangled solitons lies in the possibility of modeling entangled states of real systems, i.e. photons. In this work, optical 1D envelopes of solitons in a nematic liquid crystal are considered under approximate conditions of a real physical problem.

Research implications. The theoretical and/or practical significance lies in the fundamental possibility of modeling real entangled systems based on the constructed stochastic model of entangled solitons and subsequent creation of special applications on its basis. In particular we demonstrate a prospect for applying quantum teleportation to the problem of propagation of quantum computation for use among the components of quantum computing networks.

Aim. The purpose of the paper is to theoretically simulate optical characteristics of a semiconductor nanolayer sandwiched between two dielectric media.

Methodology. The quantum theory of transport phenomena is used, which consists in finding the density operator matrix elements by solving the Liouville equation. The surface scattering of charge carriers is taken into account through the Soffer boundary conditions.

Results. Analytical expressions are derived for the optical coefficients as functions of the nanolayer thickness, the electromagnetic wave frequency and incidence angle, the media dielectric constants, the chemical potential, and the surface roughness parameters. The dependences of optical coefficients on the above parameters are analyzed for the limiting cases of a degenerate and nondegenerate electron gas. It is shown that for total internal reflection, the oscillation amplitudes of the dependences of reflection and absorption coefficients on the thickness become comparable.

Research implications. The obtained results can be used for producing layered nanostructures and nanocoatings with specified optical characteristics.

Aim. We study the growth processes and electrical and optical properties of periodic multilayer structures based on alternating layers of undoped and Al-doped zinc oxide as functions of the thickness of single layers and synthesis temperature.

Methodology. Periodic multilayer structures are deposited in a single vacuum cycle by sequential deposition of undoped and Al-doped ZnO layers from two magnetron sources. A comparative study of the structure and functional properties of single layers of undoped and Al-doped ZnO, as well as multilayer structures based on them, is performed using XRD, SEM, and optical spectroscopy.

Results. The structural transformation in n×(AZO/ZnO) multilayers are studied depending on the thickness and number of elementary layers, as well as on the synthesis temperature.

Research implications. The obtained results show ways to produce alternative transparent electrodes based on n×(AZO/ZnO) multilayer structures for new generation transparent electronic devices.

Aim. We describe the use of electrokinetic phenomena in liquid crystals to produce a new class of microfluidics devices, i.e. optofluidics designed to control electromagnetic radiation, including the THz frequency range.

Methodology. Use is made of an optical method for studying changes in the orientational structure in LC layers caused by a shear flow generated by an electroosmotic pump. The LC behavior in an experimental cell containing an electroosmotic pump and flat layers of a nematic liquid crystal is simulated.

Results. We have obtained experimental dependences of the intensity of polarized radiation passing through flat LC layers on the control voltage applied to the electroosmotic pump. Results of calculations of hydrodynamic and mechano-optical characteristics of an experimental LC cell are presented.

Research implications. A new idea has been implemented, which consists in using a shear flow induced by an electroosmotic pump to control optical radiation. The developed design of the LC cell and the obtained experimental results can be used to develop new devices for controlling electromagnetic radiation, including the THz frequency range.

Aim. The purpose is to find exact solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in a piecewise homogeneous multidimensional layer with fourth-kind conjugation conditions.

Methodology. We consider the Dirichlet problem in a piecewise homogeneous layer in a space of arbitrary dimension. Dirichlet conditions are set on the outer boundary hyperplanes, and conjugation conditions of the fourth kind are set on the inner hyperplane dividing the layer into two layers of equal thickness. The functions defined on the boundary are assumed to be generalized functions of slow growth; in particular, they can be polynomials.

Results. Exact solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in a piecewise homogeneous multidimensional layer with conjugation conditions of the fourth kind are obtained, which are written as convolutions of rapidly decreasing, infinitely differentiable functions (kernels) with boundary functions, which are considered to be generalized functions of slow growth. If the boundary functions are ordinary functions of slow growth, then the solutions are written by integral formulae. In particular, if the boundary functions are polynomials, then the solutions are also polynomials.

Research implications. We have obtained exact solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation in a piecewise homogeneous multidimensional layer with conjugation conditions of the fourth kind.