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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phmath</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета просвещения. Серия: Физика-Математика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Federal State University of Education. Series: Physics and Mathematics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-5083</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State University of Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18384/2949-5067-2026-2-77-102</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phmath-773</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К проблеме замыкания системы моментных уравнений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>To the Problem of Closure of the Systems of Moment Equations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4724-5424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Сергей Александрович – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры аэродинамики, динамики и управления летательных аппаратов</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Popov – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Aerodynamics, Dynamics and Control of Aircraft</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">flowmech@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.physmathmgou.ru/jour/article/view/773">https://www.physmathmgou.ru/jour/article/view/773</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: сформулировать принцип отбора корректных физико-математических моделей, основанных на системах дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных.</p></sec><sec><title>Процедура и методы</title><p>Процедура и методы. Процедура отбора корректных моделей состоит в сравнительном анализе связей между полными дифференциалами из конвективной части системы уравнений и собственными числами их матриц Якоби. В работе используются метод полных дифференциалов и метод конечных разностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При увеличении числа моментных уравнений в конечных замкнутых системах, таких как система 10-моментов или 13-моментов Грэда, характеристических скоростей звука может стать несколько, и все они отличаются от акустической. Это приводит к появлению субскачка внутри профиля ударной волны. Решение уравнений Грэда теряют устойчивость уже при M=1.65. Уравнения Навье – Стокса являются акустически согласованными.</p><p>Теоретическая и практическая значимость. Предложенный в работе принцип позволяет исключать математически некорректные модели ещё на начальных этапах их разработки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to formulate the principle of selecting correct physical and mathematical models based on systems of partial differential equations.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. The procedure for selecting correct models consists of a comparative analysis of the relationships between the total differentials from the convective part of the system equations and the eigenvalues of their Jacobian matrix. There total differential method and finite differences method are used in this paper.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. With increasing number of moment equations in finite closed systems as the Grad 10 moment or 13-moment systems, there may be several characteristics sound velocities, not equal acoustic sound velocity. This results in the appearance of a subshock within the shock wave profile. Solutions to the Grad equations lose stability already at M=1.65. Equations of the Navier – Stokes are acoustic compatibility.</p></sec><sec><title>Research implications</title><p>Research implications. The principle proposed in this paper allows for the elimination of mathematically incorrect models at the initial stages of their development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>общее уравнение переноса</kwd><kwd>система моментных уравнений</kwd><kwd>замыкание</kwd><kwd>13-моментная система Грэда</kwd><kwd>метод полных дифференциалов</kwd><kwd>характеристические и  акустическая скорости звука</kwd><kwd>акустическая согласованность</kwd><kwd>задача о профиле стационарной  ударной волны</kwd><kwd>неравновесность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>general transport equation</kwd><kwd>systems of moment equations</kwd><kwd>closure</kwd><kwd>Grad's 13-moment  system</kwd><kwd>total differential method</kwd><kwd>characteristics and acoustic speeds of sound</kwd><kwd>acoustic  compatibility</kwd><kwd>stationary shock wave profile problem</kwd><kwd>nonequilibrium</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maxwell J. 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