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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phmath</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета просвещения. Серия: Физика-Математика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Federal State University of Education. Series: Physics and Mathematics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-5083</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State University of Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18384/2949-5067-2025-4-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phmath-729</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Активация поверхности тонкоплёночных прозрачных электродов для применения в органической оптоэлектронике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surface Activation of Thin-Film Transparent Electrodes for Application in Organic Optoelectronics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4860-1707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононенко</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononenko</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Евгеньевич Кононенко, техник</p><p>учебно-научная лаборатория теоретической и прикладной нанотехнологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita E. Kononenko, Technician</p><p>Technician, Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Nanotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kononenkonick2708@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1529-6310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симушкина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simushkina</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Софья Владимировна Симушкина, студент</p><p>физико-математический факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofya V. Simushkina, Student</p><p>Faculty of Physics and Mathematics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simushkinasofa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-5876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чекулаев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekulaev</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Сергеевич Чекулаев, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>учебно-научная лаборатория теоретической и прикладнойнанотехнологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor S. Chekulaev, Junior Researcher</p><p>Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Nanotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chekulaev.i.s@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-2411</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курилов</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurilov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Дмитриевич Курилов, кандидат физико-математических наук,заведующий лабораторией</p><p>учебно-научная лаборатория теоретической и прикладной нанотехнологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr D. Kurilov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Head of Laboratory</p><p>Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Nanotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ad.kurilov@guppros.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный университет просвещения,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State University of Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кононенко Н.Е., Симушкина С.В., Чекулаев И.С., Курилов А.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кононенко Н.Е., Симушкина С.В., Чекулаев И.С., Курилов А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kononenko N., Simushkina S., Chekulaev I., Kurilov A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.physmathmgou.ru/jour/article/view/729">https://www.physmathmgou.ru/jour/article/view/729</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель: разработка воспроизводимого и мягкого метода очистки и активации поверхности прозрачных проводящих электродов (ITO, FTO), который позволяет достичь высокой поверхностной энергии с сохранением морфологии и электрофизических свойств подложки для их последующего применения в органической оптоэлектронике.</p></sec><sec><title>   Процедура и методы</title><p>   Процедура и методы. Разработан новый протокол очистки на основе обработки поверхностей в аммиачно-перекисном растворе при кипячении и последующей активации в озоновой камере. Для оценки эффективности метода использовались измерения краевого угла смачивания с последующим расчётом поверхностной энергии, а также анализ морфологии поверхности и её электрофизических характеристик.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Показано, что разработанный протокол позволяет достичь значений поверхностной энергии ~70 мДж/м2, что свидетельствует о значительном увеличении гидрофильности и высокой степени очистки. Установлено, что метод не приводит к деградации проводящих слоёв, сохраняя их исходную морфологию и электропроводность, в отличие от традиционных подходов с использованием кислот.</p><p>   Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость. Высокая поверхностная энергия, достигнутая с помощью обработки аммиачно-перекисным раствором, способствует улучшению адгезии и однородности нанесения органических слоёв, что критически важно для повышения эффективности и стабильности OLED, OPV и других гибридных устройств.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Aim is to development of a reproducible and mild method for cleaning and activating the surface oftransparent conductive electrodes (ITO, FTO) that enables high surface energy while preserving the substrate’s morphology and electrophysical properties for their subsequent application in organicoptoelectronics.</p><sec><title>   Methodology</title><p>   Methodology. A new cleaning protocol was developed based on treating surfaces in a boiling ammonia–peroxide solution followed by activation in an ozone chamber. To evaluate the method’s effectiveness, contact angle measurements were performed followed by surface energy calculations, as well as analysis of surface morphology and its electrophysical characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. It is shown that the developed protocol enables achieving surface energy values of up to ~70 mJ/m2, indicating a significant increase in hydrophilicity and a high degree of cleaning. It has been established that the method does not lead to degradation of the conductive layers, preserving their initial morphology and electrical conductivity, unlike traditional acid-based approaches.</p></sec><sec><title>   Research implications</title><p>   Research implications. The high surface energy achieved through ammonia–peroxide solution treatment combined with ozone activation contributes to improved adhesion and uniformity of organic layer deposition, which is critically important for enhancing the efficiency and stability ofOLEDs, OPVs, and other hybrid devices.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прозрачные проводящие оксиды</kwd><kwd>очистка поверхности</kwd><kwd>поверхностная энергия</kwd><kwd>активация поверхности</kwd><kwd>органическая оптоэлектроника</kwd><kwd>адгезия</kwd><kwd>смачиваемость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transparent conductive oxides</kwd><kwd>surface cleaning</kwd><kwd>surface energy</kwd><kwd>organic optoelectronics</kwd><kwd>adhesion</kwd><kwd>wettability</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации научно-исследовательского проекта-победителя конкурса на получение гранта Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Государственный университет просвещения» в 2025 году. Авторы также выражают благодарность педагогическому технопарку «Кванториум» имени И. В. Курчатова Государственного университета просвещения за предоставленную возможность использования оборудования, что оказалось крайне важным для проведения данного исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the grant from the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Federal State University of Education” in 2025, awarded to the winning research project in the competitive grant program. We also extend our gratitude to the Pedagogical Technopark “Kvantorium” named after I. V. Kurchatov at the Federal State University of Education for providing access to their equipment, which was instrumental in conducting this study</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enhanced current efficiency in top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes using a novel Mg:Ag/Ag Cathode Structure / D. N. Chausov, A. D. Kurilov, N. S. Parashchuk, A. V. Nuriev, A. A. Morozov, A. D. Bozhko, V. S. Zhurkin, A. V. Kazak, S. A. Stakharniy // Applied Surface Science. 2025. Vol. 711. Article no. 163954. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163954.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chausov, D. N., Kurilov, A. D., Parashchuk, N. S., Nuriev, A. V., Morozov, A. A., Bozhko, A. D., Zhurkin, V. S., Kazak, A. V. &amp; Stakharniy, S. A. (2025). Enhanced current efficiency in top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes using a novel Mg:Ag/Ag Cathode Structure. 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