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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phmath</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Государственного университета просвещения. Серия: Физика-Математика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Federal State University of Education. Series: Physics and Mathematics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2949-5083</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5067</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State University of Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18384/2949-5067-2025-1-40-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phmath-661</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование искусственных твердотельных пор для измерения каталитической активности отдельных молекул пероксидазы хрена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The use of artificial solid-state pores for measurement of catalytic activity of individual molecules of horseradish peroxidase</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-1914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Юрий Дмитриевич – доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией нанобиотехнологии; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории № 6.2. – ударно-волновых воздействий</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri D. Ivanov – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Prof., Laboratory Head, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology; Leading Researcher, Laboratory No. 6.2. – Shock wave impacts</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yurii.ivanov.nata@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3096-107X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аблеев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ableev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аблеев Александр Нариманович – ведущий инженер лаборатории нанобиотехнологии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Ableev  – Leading Engineer, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ableev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-7218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумянцева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumyantseva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шумянцева Виктория Васильевна – доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией биоэлектрохимии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Shumyantseva – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Prof., Laboratory Head, Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_shumyantseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-7065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумов</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumov</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шумов Иван Дмитриевич – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории нанобиотехнологии </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan D. Shumov – Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shum230988@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7942-3337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиборов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ziborov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зиборов Вадим Серафимович – кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории № 6.2. – ударно-волновых воздействий; ведущий специалист лаборатории нанобиотехнологии </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim S. Ziborov – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory No. 6.2. – shock wave impacts; Leading Specialist, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ziborov.vs@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-2299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неведрова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevedrova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Неведрова Екатерина Дмитриевна  – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории нанобиотехнологии </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina D. Nevedrova  – Research Assistant, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevedrova.kat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6044-3490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виноградова Ангелина Владимировна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории нанобиотехнологии </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Angelina V. Vinogradova – Research Assistant, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">angeluna1234@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2103-2998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Ирина Александровна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории исследований единичных биомакромолекул </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Ivanova – Research Assistant, Laboratory for Research of Single Biomacromolecules</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.a.ivanova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-0729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ваулин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaulin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ваулин Никита Васильевич – лаборант лаборатории возобновляемых источников энергии </p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Vaulin – Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory for Renewable Energy Sources</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitavaylin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-2899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедев Денис Владимирович – кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории возобновляемых источников энергии </p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Lebedev – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Renewable Energy Sources </p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denis.v.lebedev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5459-1438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букатин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukatin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Букатин Антон Сергеевич – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории возобновляемых источников энергии</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton S. Bukatin – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assoc. Prof., Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Renewable Energy Sources</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antbuk.fiztek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9792-045X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухин Иван Сергеевич – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией возобновляемых источников энергии</p><p>г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Mukhin – Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Laboratory Head, Laboratory for Renewable Energy Sources</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">imukhin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-023X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сараева</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saraeva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сараева Ирина Николаевна – кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории лазерной нанофизики и биомедицины отделения квантовой радиофизики им. Н. Г. Басова</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Saraeva – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Researcher, Laboratory for Laser Nanophysics and Biomedicine, Department of Quantum Radiophysics named after N. G. Basov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saraevain@lebedev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1259-163X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апель</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Apel</surname><given-names>P. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Апель Павел Юрьевич – доктор химических наук, начальник Центра прикладной физики Лаборатории ядерных реакций им. Г. Н. Флерова </p><p>г. Дубна, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel Yu. Apel – Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Head of the Center for Applied Physics, Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions</p><p>Dubna, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apel@jinr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9161-0877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юшков</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushkov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юшков Евгений Семенович – кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры № 71 «Экономика и менеджмент в промышленности» </p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy S. Yushkov – Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Assoc. Prof., Department No. 71 “Economics and Management in Industry”</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esyushkov@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-8090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арчаков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Archakov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арчаков Александр Иванович – доктор биологических наук, профессор, научный руководитель</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Archakov – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Prof., Scientific Leader</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">archak@ibmc.msk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт биомедицинской химии имени В. Н. Ореховича; Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Chemistry; Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт биомедицинской химии имени В. Н. Ореховича</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Chemistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский Академический университет имени Ж. И. Алфёрова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Alferov Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education and Science Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Физический институт им. П. Н. Лебедева Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Р. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт ядерных исследований</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Nuclear University MEPhI</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов Ю.Д., Аблеев А.Н., Шумянцева В.В., Шумов И.Д., Зиборов В.С., Неведрова Е.Д., Виноградова А.В., Иванова И.А., Ваулин Н.В., Лебедев Д.В., Букатин А.С., Мухин И.С., Сараева И.Н., Апель П.Ю., Юшков Е.С., Арчаков А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Ю.Д., Аблеев А.Н., Шумянцева В.В., Шумов И.Д., Зиборов В.С., Неведрова Е.Д., Виноградова А.В., Иванова И.А., Ваулин Н.В., Лебедев Д.В., Букатин А.С., Мухин И.С., Сараева И.Н., Апель П.Ю., Юшков Е.С., Арчаков А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov Y.D., Ableev A.N., Shumyantseva V.V., Shumov I.D., Ziborov V.S., Nevedrova E.D., Vinogradova A.V., Ivanova I.A., Vaulin N.V., Lebedev D.V., Bukatin A.S., Mukhin I.S., Saraeva I.N., Apel P.Y., Yushkov E.S., Archakov A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.physmathmgou.ru/jour/article/view/661">https://www.physmathmgou.ru/jour/article/view/661</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определение каталитической активности единичной молекулы пероксидазы хрена (ПХ) в реакции окисления субстрата 2,2'-азино-бис-[3-этилбензтиазолин-6-сульфоната] (АБТС) пероксидом водорода.</p></sec><sec><title>Процедура и методы</title><p>Процедура и методы. Для определения (мониторинга) каталитической активности ПХ использовали поровую технологию, что позволило провести анализ активности единичной молекулы ПХ без введения в систему дополнительных компонентов для усиления сигнала. Для этого использовали твёрдотельную пору размером около 5 нм, сформированную методом электронно-лучевого сверления в пластине нитрида кремния толщиной ~40 нм. Молекула ПХ была встроена в эту пору, после чего проводили анализ каталитической активности встроенной в пору молекулы, в присутствии АБТС и H2O2 путём измерения ионного тока, протекающего через пору со встроенной в неё молекулой ПХ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Мониторинг каталитической активности ПХ в реакции окисления АБТС был проведён путём регистрации ионного тока, протекающего через пору.</p><p>Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость. Было показано, что изготовленная пора может быть использована для мониторинга каталитической активности ПХ. Полученные результаты важны для развития работ в области исследования ферментов на уровне единичных молекул.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Determination of the catalytic activity of a single molecule of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the oxidation reaction of the substrate 2,2ʹ-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate] (ABTS) with hydrogen peroxide.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. To determine (monitor) the catalytic activity of HRP, pore technology has been used; it has allowed us to analyze the activity of a single HRP molecule without introducing additional components into the system to enhance the signal. For this purpose, a solid-state pore of about 5 nm in size, formed by electron-beam drilling in a silicon nitride plate of ~40 nm thickness, has been used. A HRP molecule has been embedded in this pore, after which the catalytic activity of the molecule embedded in the pore in the presence of ABTS and H2O2 has been analyzed by measuring the ion current through the pore with the HRP molecule embedded in it.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A pore detector has been proposed to study the catalytic activity of HRP in the reaction of ABTS oxidation. It has been found that this detector made it possible to monitor the activity of this enzyme by registering of ion current through the pore.</p></sec><sec><title>Research implications</title><p>Research implications. It has been shown that the manufactured pore can be used to monitor HRP activity. The results obtained are important for the development of work in the field of enzyme research at the level of single molecules.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>каталитическая активность</kwd><kwd>пероксидаза хрена</kwd><kwd>фермент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enzyme</kwd><kwd>horseradish peroxidase</kwd><kwd>catalytic activity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Эксперименты по определению активности фермента выполнены в рамках Программы фундаментальных научных исследований в Российской Федерации на долгосрочный период (2021–2030 годы) (№ 122030100168-2). Авторы выражают благодарность ОИВТ РАН за подготовку образцов. Работа по подготовке образцов была выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Государственное задание № 075-00269-25-00).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The experiments on determination of the enzyme activity were performed within the framework of the Program for Basic Research in the Russian Federation for a longterm period (2021-2030) (No. 122030100168-2). The authors express their gratitude to Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences for sample preparation. 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